Caliak sumber untuak Bumi

{{Infobox Planet
| bgcolour = #c0c0ff
| name = Bumi
| symbol = [[File:Earth symbol (bold).svg|24px|🜨]]
| image = [[File:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|frameless|center]]
| caption = "Pualam Biru" foto bumi,<br>diambiak dari ''[[Apollo 17]]''
| flag = {{Flagicon|world}}
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]<ref group=note name=epoch/>
| aphelion = 152,098,232&nbsp;km<br> 1.01671388&nbsp;[[Astronomi unit|AU]]<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| perihelion = 147,098,290&nbsp;km<br> 0.98329134&nbsp;AU<ref group=note name=apsis/>
| semimajor = 149,598,261&nbsp;km<br> 1.00000261&nbsp;AU<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| eccentricity = 0.01671123<ref name=standish_williams_iau/>
| inclination = 7.155° dari equator Matohari<br>1.57869°<ref name=Allen294/> to [[invariable plane]]
| asc_node = 348.73936°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=asc_node/>
| arg_peri = 114.20783°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><ref group=note name=arg_peri/>
| mean_anomaly = 357.51716°<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| period = 365.256363004&nbsp;days<ref name="IERS"/><br>1.000017421&nbsp;[[Tahun Matohari|tahun]]
| avg_speed = 29.78&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br>107,200&nbsp;km/h
| satellites = 1 natural&nbsp;([[Bulan]])
<br /> 8,300+ artificial ({{As of|2001|3|1|lc=on}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=4008|title=Reentry Assessment - US Space Command Fact Sheet|author=[[US Space Command]]|date=March 1, 2001|publisher=SpaceRef Interactive|accessdate=2011-05-07}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = 0.0033528<ref name=iers/>
| equatorial_radius = 6,378.1&nbsp;km<ref name=usno/><ref name="WGS-84"/>
| polar_radius = 6,356.8&nbsp;km<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995/>
| mean_radius = 6,371.0&nbsp;km<ref name=hbcp2000/>
| circumference = 40,075.017&nbsp;km&nbsp;(equatorial)<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84'').  [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref><br>40,007.86&nbsp;km&nbsp;([[meridional]])<ref name="WGS-84-2"/>
| surface_area = 510,072,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup><ref name="Pidwirny 2006" /><ref name=cia /><ref group=note name=surfacecover/>
{{Nowrap|148,940,000 km<sup>2</sup> land  (29.2 %)}}<br>
{{Nowrap|361,132,000 km<sup>2</sup> water (70.8 %)}}
| volume = [[Kandungan Bumi|1.08321{{E|12}}]]&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| mass = 5.9736{{E|24}}&nbsp;kg<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| density = 5.515&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| surface_grav = [[Grafitasi Bumi|9.780327]] [[Meter per detik kuadrat|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]<ref name="yoder12"/><br>0.99732&nbsp;''[[G-force|g]]''
| escape_velocity = 11.186&nbsp;km/s<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| sidereal_day = 0.99726968&nbsp;d<ref name=Allen296 /> <br>23{{Smallsup|h}}&nbsp;56{{Smallsup|m}}&nbsp;4.100{{Smallsup|s}}
| rot_velocity = {{Convert|1674.4|km/h|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Cox2000"/>
| axial_tilt = 23°26'21".4119<ref name="IERS"/>
| albedo = 0.367 ([[Geometrik albedo|geometric]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br/>
0.306 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/>
| adjectives = earthly, tellurian, telluric, terran, terrestrial.
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|en-us-earth.ogg|ˈ|ɝː|θ}}
| atmosphere = ya
| temperatures = ya
| temp_name1  = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1  = 184&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_lowest_temp/>
| mean_temp_1 = 287.2&nbsp;K<ref name=kinver20091210/>
| max_temp_1  = 331&nbsp;K<ref name=asu_highest_temp/>
| temp_name2  = [[Celsius]]
| min_temp_2  = -89.2&nbsp;°C
| mean_temp_2 = 14&nbsp;°C
| max_temp_2  = 57.8&nbsp;°C
| surface_pressure = [[Atmosfir (unit)|101.325]]&nbsp;[[Pascal (unit)|kPa]] ([[Parmukaan Laut|MSL]])
| atmosphere_composition = 78.08%&nbsp;[[Nitrogen]] (N<sub>2</sub>)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet"/><br> 20.95%&nbsp;[[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>)<br> 0.93%&nbsp;[[Argon]]<br> 0.038%&nbsp;[[Karbon diosida]]<br>About 1% [[water vapor]] (varies with [[Klimak]])
|note = no
}}   <!-- Main contents of article below this line -->
[[File:NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg|frameless|right]]

'''Bumi''' adolah [[planet]] katigo dari [[matohari]], dan marupoan planet nan tapadek jo gadang nan ka limo dari salapan planet di [[Tata Surya|tata surya]]. Inyo ko juo tamasuak paliang gadang dari nan ampek buah planet terrestrial. Bumi ko dirujuak juo sabagai [[dunia]], planet biru,<ref name="blueplanet"/> atau namo [[latin]]nyo, ''Terra''.<ref group=note name="Terra" />

Bumi ko rumah bagi jutaan [[spesies]], tamasuak [[manusia]], bumi kini ko manjadi satu-satunyo [[Benda Astronomi|benda astronomi]] nan di situ ado [[kehidupan]].<ref name=science_241_4872_1441 /> Planet ko tabantuak [[Umua Bumi|4.54 billion taun]] lalu, dan [[Abiogenesis|kehidupan muncul]] di permukaan bumi sekitar satu billion taun.<ref name="age_earth1" /> Adonyo [[biosfir]] di bumi nan signifikan maubah [[WEp/min/Atmosfir|atmosfir]] dan kondisi [[abiotik]] lainnyo di bumi, mamungkinkan proliferasi [[organisme aerobik]] sarato pambentukan lapisan [[ozon]], basamo jo [[Medan Magnet Bumi|medan magnet bumi]], mahalangi [[Radiasi Matohari|radiasi matohari]], sahinggo mamungkinkan adonyo kehidupan di darek.<ref name="Harrison 2002" /> Sacaro [[Geofisik|geofisik bumi]], misalnyo sajarah [[geologi]] dan orbit, mamungkinkan kehidupan lah batahan salamo periode ko. Planet ko dihrapakan dapek taruih batahan untuak mandukuang kehidupan satidaknyo sampai {{Nowrap|500 milyar}} taun lai.<ref name="britt2000" /><ref name=carrington />

== Kronologi ==
Urang cadiak pandai kini lah mampu marekonstruksi ulang maklumat rinci tantang maso lalu planet ko. Penanggalan awal tabantuaknyo sistem surya ko {{Nowrap|4.5672 ± 0.0006 billion taun}} lalu,<ref name=bowring_housch1995/> atau 4.54&nbsp;billion&nbsp;tahun lalu (1% indak pasti)<ref name="age_earth1" /> the Earth and the other planets in the Solar System had formed out of the [[solar nebula]]—a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun. This assembly of the Earth through accretion was thus largely completed within 10–20&nbsp;million&nbsp;years.<ref name=nature418_6901_949/> Initially [[molten]], the outer layer of the planet Earth cooled to form a solid crust when water began accumulating in the atmosphere. The Moon formed shortly thereafter, {{Nowrap|4.53 billion years}} ago.<ref name=science310_5754_1671/>

== Catatan==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|group=note|refs=
<ref name=apsis>aphelion = ''a'' × (1 + ''e''); perihelion = ''a'' × (1 - ''e''), where ''a'' is the semi-major axis and ''e'' is the eccentricity.</ref>

<ref name=epoch>All astronomical quantities vary, both [[Secular phenomena|secularly]] and [[Frequency|periodically]]. The quantities given are the values at the instant J2000.0 of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.</ref>

<ref name=asc_node>The reference lists the longitude of the ascending node as -11.26064°, which is equivalent to 348.73936° by the fact that any angle is equal to itself plus 360°.</ref>

<ref name=arg_peri>The reference lists the [[longitude of periapsis|longitude of perihelion]], which is the sum of the longitude of the ascending node and the argument of perihelion. That is, 114.20783° + (-11.26064°) = 102.94719°.</ref>

<ref name="Terra">By [[International Astronomical Union]] convention, the term ''terra'' is used only for naming extensive land masses on celestial bodies other than the Earth. ''Cf.'' {{Cite web|last=Blue|first=Jennifer|date=2007-07-05|url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/append5.jsp|title=Descriptor Terms (Feature Types)|work=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|publisher=USGS|accessdate=2007-07-05}}</ref>

<ref name=surfacecover>Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding [[Ice shelf|ice shelves]], and mapping conventions for [[vertical datum]]s, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the [[Vector Map]] and [http://www.landcover.org Global Landcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326085837/http://www.landcover.org/ |date=2015-03-26 }} datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of the Earth's surface. The ice shields of [[Antarctica]] and [[Greenland]] are counted as land, even though much of the rock which supports them lies below sea level.</ref>

<!--
<ref name=sidereal_solar>The number of solar days is one less than the number of [[sidereal day]]s because the orbital motion of the Earth about the Sun results in one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.</ref>

<ref name="water vapor">At present, the other planets in the Solar System are either too hot or too cold to support liquid water on the surface in vapor-liquid equilibrium. As of 2007, water vapor has been detected in the atmosphere of only one extrasolar planet, and it is a gas giant. See: {{Cite journal|last=Tinetti|first=G.|coauthors=Vidal-Madjar, A.; Liang, M.C.; Beaulieu, J. P.; Yung, Y.; Carey, S.; Barber, R. J.; Tennyson, J.; Ribas, I|title=Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet|journal=Nature|month=July|year=2007|volume=448|pages=169–171|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7150/abs/nature06002.html|doi = 10.1038/nature06002|pmid=17625559|issue=7150|bibcode = 2007Natur.448..169T }}
</ref>

<ref name=jaes41_3_379>Including the [[Somali Plate]], which is currently in the process of formation out of the African Plate. See: {{Cite journal|first=Jean|last=Chorowicz|month=October|year=2005|title=The East African rift system|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|volume=43|issue=1–3|pages=379–410|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019|bibcode = 2005JAfES..43..379C }}</ref>

<ref name=trench_depth>This is the measurement taken by the vessel ''[[Kaikō]]'' in March 1995 and is believed to be the most accurate measurement to date. See the [[Challenger Deep]] article for more details.</ref>

<ref name=Aoki>Aoki, the ultimate source of these figures, uses the term "seconds of UT1" instead of "seconds of mean solar time".—{{Cite journal|last=Aoki|first=S.|title=The new definition of universal time|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|year=1982|volume=105|issue=2|pages=359–361|bibcode=1982A&A...105..359A}}</ref>

<ref name=hill_radius>For the Earth, the [[Hill radius]] is

:<math>\begin{smallmatrix} R_H = a\left ( \frac{m}{3M} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \end{smallmatrix}</math>,

where ''m'' is the mass of the Earth, ''a'' is an Astronomical Unit, and ''M'' is the mass of the Sun. So the radius in A.U. is about:

<math>\begin{smallmatrix} \left ( \frac{1}{3 \cdot 332,946} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}} = 0.01 \end{smallmatrix}</math>.</ref>

<ref name=solar_energy>Aphelion is 103.4% of the distance to perihelion. Due to the inverse square law, the radiation at perihelion is about 106.9% the energy at aphelion.</ref>
-->
}}

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="blueplanet">{{Cite journal|date=February 2009|title=Exploring the Water Cycle of the ‘Blue Planet’: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission|journal=ESA Bulletin|publisher=[[European Space Agency]]|issue=137|pages=6–15 |url=http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf |first1=Mark |last1=Drinkwater |first2=Yann |last2=Kerr |first3=Jordi |last3=Font |first4=Michael |last4=Berger |quote=A view of Earth, the ‘Blue Planet’ [...] When astronauts first went into the space, they looked back at our Earth for the first time, and called our home the ‘Blue Planet’.}}</ref>

<ref name=standish_williams_iau>{{Cite web|author=Standish, E. Myles; Williams, James C|title=Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, and Planets|publisher=International Astronomical Union Commission 4: (Ephemerides)|url=http://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/XSChap8.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2010-04-03|archive-date=2012-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220063125/http://iau-comm4.jpl.nasa.gov/XSChap8.pdf|dead-url=yes}} See table 8.10.2. Calculation based upon 1 AU = 149,597,870,700(3) m.</ref>

<ref name=iers>{{Cite conference|author=IERS Working Groups|editor=McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard|title=General Definitions and Numerical Standards|year=2003|booktitle=IERS Technical Note No. 32|publisher=U.S. Naval Observatory and Bureau International des Poids et Mesures|url=http://www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25776|accessdate=2008-08-03|archivedate=2014-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419043412/http://www.iers.org/MainDisp.csl?pid=46-25776}}</ref>

<ref name=cazenave_ahrens1995>{{Cite book|first=Anny|last=Cazenave|editor=Ahrens, Thomas J|year=1995|title=Global earth physics a handbook of physical constants|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-87590-851-9|url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016024803/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf|archivedate=2006-10-16|accessdate=2008-08-03|format=PDF|chapter=Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

<ref name=hbcp2000>{{Cite book|author=Various|editor=David R. Lide|year=2000|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=81st|publisher=CRC|isbn=0-8493-0481-4}}</ref>

<ref name="Cox2000">{{Cite book|editor=Arthur N. Cox|title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities|url=http://books.google.com/?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA244|edition=4th|year=2000|publisher=AIP Press|location=New York|isbn=0-387-98746-0|page=244|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref>

<ref name="WGS-84-2">{{Cite web | first=Sigurd | last=Humerfelt | date=October 26, 2010 | title=How WGS 84 defines Earth | url=http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html | accessdate=2011-04-29 }}</ref>

<ref name="yoder12">{{Cite book|last=Yoder|first=Charles F.|editor=T. J. Ahrens|year=1995|title=Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington|url=http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421092502/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys.html|archivedate=2009-04-21|accessdate=2007-03-17|isbn=0-87590-851-9|page=12|dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name=kinver20091210>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8406839.stm|title=Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010|last=Kinver|first=Mark|date=December 10, 2009|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=2010-04-22}}</ref>

<ref name="Pidwirny 2006">{{Cite journal|last=Pidwirny|first=Michael|date=2006-02-02|title=Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)|publisher=University of British Columbia, Okanagan|url=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html|accessdate=2007-11-26}}</ref>

<ref name=Allen294>{{Cite book|title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities|author=Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N.|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=0-387-98746-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA294|page=294|accessdate=2011-03-13}}</ref>

<ref name=Allen296>{{Cite book|title=Allen's Astrophysical Quantities|author=Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N.|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=0-387-98746-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA296|page=296|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref>

<ref name=science_241_4872_1441>{{Cite journal|last=May|first=Robert M.|title=How many species are there on earth?|journal=Science|year=1988|volume=241|issue=4872|pages=1441–1449|bibcode=1988Sci...241.1441M|doi=10.1126/science.241.4872.1441|pmid=17790039}}</ref>

<ref name="age_earth1">See:
* {{Cite book|first=G.B.|last=Dalrymple|year=1991|title=The Age of the Earth|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=California|isbn=0-8047-1569-6}}
* {{Cite web|last=Newman|first=William L.|date=2007-07-09|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html|title=Age of the Earth|publisher=Publications Services, USGS|accessdate=2007-09-20}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dalrymple|first=G. Brent|title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved|journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications|year=2001|volume=190|issue=1|pages=205–221|url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205|accessdate=2007-09-20|doi = 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14}}
* {{Cite web|last=Stassen|first=Chris|date=2005-09-10|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html|title=The Age of the Earth|publisher=[[TalkOrigins Archive]]|accessdate=2008-12-30}}
</ref>

<ref name="Harrison 2002">{{Cite book|first=Roy M.|last=Harrison|coauthors=Hester, Ronald E.|year=2002|title=Causes and Environmental Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|isbn=0-85404-265-2}}</ref>

<ref name=carrington>{{Cite news|first=Damian|last=Carrington|title=Date set for desert Earth|publisher=BBC News|date=2000-02-21|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/specials/washington_2000/649913.stm|accessdate=2007-03-31}}</ref>

<ref name="britt2000">{{Cite web|first=Robert|last=Britt|url=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/death_of_earth_000224.html|title=Freeze, Fry or Dry: How Long Has the Earth Got?|date=2000-02-25|access-date=2011-07-02|archive-date=2009-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605231345/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/death_of_earth_000224.html|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>

<ref name=IERS>{{Cite web|author=Staff|date=2007-08-07|url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html|title=Useful Constants|publisher=[[International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service]]| accessdate=2008-09-23}}</ref>

<ref name=cia>{{Cite web|author=Staff|date=2008-07-24|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html|title=World|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|accessdate=2008-08-05|archive-date=2010-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

<ref name="earth_fact_sheet">{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=David R.|date=2004-09-01|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|title=Earth Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref>

<ref name=asu_lowest_temp>{{Cite web|url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature|title=World: Lowest Temperature|work=[[WMO]] Weather and Climate Extremes Archive|publisher=Arizona State University|accessdate=2010-08-07|archive-date=2010-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025722/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

<ref name=asu_highest_temp>{{Cite web|url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature|title=World: Highest Temperature|work=WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive|publisher=[[Arizona State University]]|accessdate=2010-08-07|archive-date=2013-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

<ref name=usno>{{Cite web|title=Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011|work=The Astronomical Almanac|url=http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt|accessdate=2011-02-25|archive-date=2013-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043456/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

<ref name=bowring_housch1995>{{Cite journal|author=Bowring, S.|coauthors=Housh, T.|title=The Earth's early evolution|year=1995|doi=10.1126/science.7667634|journal=Science|volume=269|page=1535|pmid=7667634|issue=5230|bibcode = 1995Sci...269.1535B }}</ref>

<ref name=nature418_6901_949>{{Cite journal|last=Yin|first=Qingzhu|title=A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites|journal=Nature|year=2002|volume=418|issue=6901|pages=949–952|doi=10.1038/nature00995|pmid=12198540|last2=Jacobsen|first2=S. B.|last3=Yamashita|first3=K.|last4=Blichert-Toft|first4=J.|last5=Télouk|first5=P.|last6=Albarède|first6=F.|bibcode = 2002Natur.418..949Y }}</ref>

<ref name=science310_5754_1671>{{Cite journal|author=Kleine, Thorsten; Palme, Herbert; Mezger, Klaus; Halliday, Alex N.|title=Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon|journal=Science|volume=310|issue=5754|date=2005-11-24|pages=1671–1674|doi=10.1126/science.1118842|pmid=16308422|bibcode = 2005Sci...310.1671K }}</ref>

<!--
<ref name=yoder1995>{{Cite book|last=Yoder|first=Charles F.|editor=T. J. Ahrens|year=1995|title=Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants|publisher=American Geophysical Union|location=Washington|url=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090421092502/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys.html|accessdate=2007-03-17|isbn=0-87590-851-9 |page=8}}</ref>

<ref name=reilly20091022>{{Cite news|first=Michael|last=Reilly|date=October 22, 2009|title=Controversial Moon Origin Theory Rewrites History|url=http://news.discovery.com/space/moon-earth-formation.html|accessdate=2010-01-30}}</ref>

<ref name=canup_asphaug2001a>{{Cite conference|author=Canup, R. M.; Asphaug, E.|title=An impact origin of the Earth-Moon system|booktitle=Abstract #U51A-02|publisher=American Geophysical Union|date=Fall Meeting 2001|bibcode=2001AGUFM.U51A..02C|accessdate=2007-03-10}}</ref>

<ref name=canup_asphaug2001b>{{Cite journal|author=Canup, R.; Asphaug, E.|title=Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation|journal=Nature|volume=412|pages=708–712|year=2001|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6848/abs/412708a0.html|doi = 10.1038/35089010|pmid = 11507633|issue=6848|bibcode=2001Natur.412..708C}}</ref>

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<ref name=asp2002>{{Cite conference|author=Guinan, E. F.; Ribas, I|editor=Benjamin Montesinos, Alvaro Gimenez and Edward F. Guinan|title=Our Changing Sun: The Role of Solar Nuclear Evolution and Magnetic Activity on Earth's Atmosphere and Climate|booktitle=ASP Conference Proceedings: The Evolving Sun and its Influence on Planetary Environments|location=San Francisco|isbn=1-58381-109-5|publisher=Astronomical Society of the Pacific|bibcode=2002ASPC..269...85G|accessdate=2009-07-27}}</ref>

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<ref name=rahmstorf2003>{{Cite web|first=Stefan|last=Rahmstorf|year=2003|url =http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/thc_fact_sheet.html|title =The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation|publisher=Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref>

<ref name=hydrologic_cycle>{{Cite web|author=Various|date=1997-07-21|url=http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml|title=The Hydrologic Cycle|publisher=University of Illinois|accessdate=2007-03-24}}</ref>

<ref name=sadava_heller2006>{{Cite book|author=Sadava, David E.; Heller, H. Craig; Orians, Gordon H.|title=Life, the Science of Biology|publisher=MacMillan|year=2006|edition=8th|page=1114|isbn=0-7167-7671-5}}</ref>

<ref name=climate_zones>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Climate/Older/Climate_Zones.html|title=Climate Zones|publisher=UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|accessdate=2007-03-24}}</ref>

<ref name=sciweek2004>{{Cite web|author=Staff|year=2004|url=http://scienceweek.com/2004/rmps-23.htm|title=Stratosphere and Weather; Discovery of the Stratosphere|publisher=Science Week|accessdate=2007-03-14}}</ref>

<ref name=cordoba2004>{{Cite web|first=S. Sanz Fernández|last=de Córdoba|date=2004-06-21|url=http://www.fai.org/astronautics/100km.asp|title=Presentation of the Karman separation line, used as the boundary separating Aeronautics and Astronautics|publisher=Fédération Aéronautique Internationale|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref>

<ref name=jas31_4_1118>{{Cite journal|author=Liu, S. C.; Donahue, T. M.|title=The Aeronomy of Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of the Earth|journal=Journal of Atmospheric Sciences|year=1974|volume=31|issue=4|pages=1118–1136|bibcode=1974JAtS...31.1118L|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1118:TAOHIT>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>

<ref name=sci293_5531_839>{{Cite journal|title=Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth|author=Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P.|journal=Science|volume=293|issue=5531|pages=839–843|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5531/839|doi=10.1126/science.1061976|year=2001|pmid=11486082|bibcode = 2001Sci...293..839C }}</ref>

<ref name=abedon1997>{{Cite web|last=Abedon|first=Stephen T.|date=1997-03-31|url=http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol1010.htm|title=History of Earth|publisher=Ohio State University|accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>

<ref name=arwps4_265>{{Cite journal|last=Hunten|first=D. M.|title=Hydrogen loss from the terrestrial planets|journal=Annual review of earth and planetary sciences|year=1976|volume=4|issue=1|pages=265–292|bibcode=1976AREPS...4..265H|doi=10.1146/annurev.ea.04.050176.001405|last2=Donahue|first2=T. M}}</ref>

<ref name=fitzpatrick2006>{{Cite web|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Richard|date = 2006-02-16|url=http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/lectures/node69.html|title=MHD dynamo theory|publisher=NASA WMAP|accessdate=2007-02-27}}</ref>

<ref name=campbelwh>{{Cite book|last=Campbell|first=Wallace Hall|title=Introduction to Geomagnetic Fields|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|location=New York|page=57|isbn=0-521-82206-8}}</ref>

<ref name=stern2005>{{Cite web|last=Stern|first=David P.|date=2005-07-08|url=http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wmap.html|title=Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>

<ref name=USNO_TSD>{{Cite web|title=Leap seconds|publisher=Time Service Department, USNO|url=http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html|accessdate=2008-09-23}}</ref>

<ref name=seidelmann1992>{{Cite book|last=Seidelmann|first=P. Kenneth|year=1992|title=Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac|page=48|publisher=University Science Books|location=Mill Valley, CA|isbn=0-935702-68-7}}</ref>

<ref name=iers1623>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/earthor/ut1lod/lod-1623.html|title=IERS Excess of the duration of the day to 86400s&nbsp;... since 1623|publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)|accessdate=2008-09-23}}—Graph at end.</ref>

<ref name=iers1962>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/earthor/ut1lod/figure3.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070813203913/http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/earthor/ut1lod/figure3.html|archivedate=2007-08-13|title=IERS Variations in the duration of the day 1962–2005|publisher=International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)|accessdate=2008-09-23}}</ref>

<ref name=zeilik1998>{{Cite book|last=Zeilik|first=M.|coauthors=Gregory, S. A.|title=Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics|edition=4th|page=56|publisher=Saunders College Publishing|isbn=0-03-006228-4|year=1998}}</ref>

<ref name=angular>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=David R.|date=2006-02-10|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetfact.html|title=Planetary Fact Sheets|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2008-09-28}}—See the apparent diameters on the Sun and Moon pages.</ref>

<ref name="moon_fact_sheet">{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=David R.|date=2004-09-01|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html|title=Moon Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>

<ref name=vazquez_etal2006>{{Cite web|author=Vázquez, M.; Montañés Rodríguez, P.; Palle, E.|year=2006|url =http://www.iac.es/folleto/research/preprints/files/PP06024.pdf|title=The Earth as an Object of Astrophysical Interest in the Search for Extrasolar Planets|publisher=Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias|accessdate=2007-03-21 |format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=nasa20051201>{{Cite web|author=Astrophysicist team|date=2005-12-01|url=http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/030827a.html|title=Earth's location in the Milky Way|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2008-06-11}}</ref>

<ref name=bromberg2008>{{Cite web|last=Bromberg|first=Irv|date=2008-05-01|url=http://www.sym454.org/seasons/|title=The Lengths of the Seasons (on Earth)|publisher=University of Toronto|accessdate=2008-11-08}}</ref>

<ref name=lin2006>{{Cite web|first=Haosheng|last=Lin|title=Animation of precession of moon orbit|work=Survey of Astronomy AST110-6|year=2006|publisher=University of Hawaii at Manoa|url=http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/lin/ast110-6/applets/precession_of_moon_orbit.htm |accessdate=2010-09-10}}</ref>

<ref name=williams20051230>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Jack|date=2005-12-20|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tg/wseason/wseason.htm|title=Earth's tilt creates seasons|publisher=USAToday|accessdate=2007-03-17}}</ref>

<ref name=fisher19960205>{{Cite web|last=Fisher|first=Rick|date=1996-02-05|url=http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/earth_rot.html|title=Earth Rotation and Equatorial Coordinates|publisher=National Radio Astronomy Observatory|accessdate=2007-03-21}}</ref>

<ref name=espenak_meeus20070207>{{Cite web|author=Espenak, F.; Meeus, J.|date=2007-02-07|url=http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEcat5/secular.html|title=Secular acceleration of the Moon|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2007-04-20}}</ref>

<ref name=hannu_poropudas19911216>{{Cite web|first=Hannu K. J.|last=Poropudas|date=1991-12-16|url=http://www.skepticfiles.org/origins/coralclo.htm|title=Using Coral as a Clock|publisher=Skeptic Tank|accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref>

<ref name=aaa428_261>{{Cite journal|author=Laskar, J.; Robutel, P.; Joutel, F.; Gastineau, M.; Correia, A.C.M.; Levrard, B.|title=A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|year=2004|volume=428|issue=1|pages=261–285|bibcode=2004A&A...428..261L|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20041335}}</ref>

<ref name=nature410_6830_773>{{Cite journal|last=Murray|first=N.|last2=Holman|first2=M|title=The role of chaotic resonances in the solar system|journal=Nature|year=2001|volume=410|issue=6830|pages=773–779|arxiv=astro-ph/0111602|accessdate=2008-08-05|doi=10.1038/35071000|pmid=11298438}}</ref>
-->
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<ref name=lps27_1437>{{Cite journal|author=Williams, D.M.; J.F. Kasting|title=Habitable planets with high obliquities|journal=Lunar and Planetary Science|year=1996|volume=27|pages=1437–1438|bibcode=1996LPI....27.1437W}}</ref> -->
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<ref name=whitehouse20021021>{{Cite news|first=David|last=Whitehouse|title=Earth's little brother found|publisher=BBC News|date=2002-10-21|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2347663.stm|accessdate=2007-03-31}}</ref>

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<ref name=mnpl_utx2006>{{Cite web|author=Staff|date=2006-11-24|url=http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/npl/mineralogy/mineral_genesis/|title=Mineral Genesis: How do minerals form?|publisher=Non-vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Texas Memorial Museum|accessdate=2007-04-01}}</ref>

<ref name=science299_5607_673>{{Cite journal|last=Rona|first=Peter A.|title=Resources of the Sea Floor|journal=Science|year=2003|volume=299|issue=5607|pages=673–674|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/299/5607/673?ijkey=AHVbRrqUsmdHY&keytype=ref&siteid=sci|accessdate=2007-02-04|doi = 10.1126/science.1080679|pmid = 12560541}}</ref>

<ref name=un20070202>{{Cite web|author=Staff|date = 2007-02-02|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21429&Cr=climate&Cr1=change|title=Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming&nbsp;– UN report|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2007-03-07|archiveurl=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20081221031717/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21429&Cr=climate&Cr1=change|archivedate=21 December 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="World Population Clock">{{Cite web|author=United States Census Bureau|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html|title=World POP Clock Projection|work=United States Census Bureau International Database|date=2008-01-07|accessdate= 2008-01-07}}</ref>

<ref name=un2006>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm|archiveurl=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090905200753/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/wpp2006.htm|archivedate=5 September 2009|title=World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2007-03-07}}</ref>

<ref name=prb2007>{{Cite web|author=Staff|year=2007|url=http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx|title=Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth: Growth|publisher=Population Reference Bureau|accessdate=2007-03-31}}</ref>

<ref name=hessd4_439>{{Cite journal|author=Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A.|title=Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification|journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions|year=2007|volume=4|issue=2|pages=439–473|url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/4/439/2007/hessd-4-439-2007.html|accessdate=2007-03-31|doi=10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007}}</ref>

<ref name=biodiv>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/default.shtml|title=Themes & Issues|publisher=Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity|accessdate=2007-03-29}}</ref>

<ref name=cfsa2006>{{Cite web|author=Staff|date=2006-08-15|url=http://www.tscm.com/alert.html|title=Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert|publisher=Information Management Group|accessdate=2007-03-31}}</ref>

<ref name=kennedy1989>{{Cite book|first=Paul|last=Kennedy|authorlink=Paul Kennedy|year=1989|title=[[The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers]]|edition=1st|publisher=Vintage|isbn=0-679-72019-7}}</ref>

<ref name=uncharter>{{Cite web|url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/|title=U.N. Charter Index|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2008-12-23|archiveurl=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090220011242/http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/|archivedate=20 February 2009}}</ref>

<ref name=un_int_law>{{Cite web|author=Staff|url=http://www.un.org/law/|title=International Law|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2007-03-27|archiveurl=http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20081231055149/http://www.un.org/law/|archivedate=31 December 2009}}</ref>

<ref name=kuhn2006>{{Cite book|first=Betsy|last=Kuhn|year=2006|title=The race for space: the United States and the Soviet Union compete for the new frontier|page=34|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=0-8225-5984-6}}</ref>

<ref name=ellis2004>{{Cite book|first=Lee|last=Ellis|year=2004|title=Who's who of NASA Astronauts|publisher=Americana Group Publishing|isbn=0-9667961-4-4
}}</ref>

<ref name=shayler_vis2005>{{Cite book|first=David|last=Shayler|first2=Bert|last2=Vis|year=2005|title=Russia's Cosmonauts: Inside the Yuri Gagarin Training Center|publisher=Birkhäuser|isbn=0-387-21894-7}}</ref>

<ref name=wade2008>{{Cite web|last=Wade|first=Mark|date=2008-06-30|url=http://www.astronautix.com/articles/aststics.htm|accessdate=2008-12-23|title=Astronaut Statistics|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref>

<ref name=nasa_rg_iss2007>{{Cite web|date=2007-01-16|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/ISS_Reference_Guide.html|title=Reference Guide to the International Space Station|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2008-12-23}}</ref>

<ref name=cramb2007>{{Cite news|first=Auslan|last=Cramb|publisher=Telegraph|title=Nasa's Discovery extends space station|date=2007-10-28|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3311903/Nasas-Discovery-extends-space-station.html|accessdate=2009-03-23}}</ref>

<ref name=randhouse2005>{{Cite book|month=July|year=2005|title=Random House Unabridged Dictionary|publisher=Random House|isbn=0-375-42599-3}}</ref>

<ref name=liungman2004>{{Cite book|first=Carl G.|last=Liungman|year=2004|chapter=Group 29: Multi-axes symmetric, both soft and straight-lined, closed signs with crossing lines|title=Symbols&nbsp;– Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms|pages=281–282|publisher=Ionfox AB|location=New York|isbn=91-972705-0-4}}</ref>

<ref name=arnett20060716>{{Cite web|first=Bill|last=Arnett|date=July 16, 2006|title=Earth|work=The Nine Planets, A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System: one star, eight planets, and more|url=http://nineplanets.org/earth.html|accessdate=2010-03-09}}</ref>

<ref name=Dutch2002>{{Cite journal|author=Dutch, S.I.|year=2002|title=Religion as belief versus religion as fact|journal=Journal of Geoscience Education|volume=50|issue=2|pages=137–144|url=http://nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Dutch_v50n2p137.pdf|accessdate=2008-04-28|format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=edis2003>{{Cite book|first=Taner|last=Edis|year=2003|title=A World Designed by God: Science and Creationism in Contemporary Islam|publisher=Amherst: Prometheus|url=http://www2.truman.edu/~edis/writings/articles/CFI-2001.pdf|isbn=1-59102-064-6|accessdate=2008-04-28|format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=jge53_3_319>{{Cite journal|author=Ross, M.R.|year=2005|title=Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism|journal=Journal of Geoscience Education|volume=53|issue=3|page=319|url=http://www.nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Ross_v53n3p319.pdf|accessdate=2008-04-28|format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=arghg4_143>{{Cite journal|author=Pennock, R. T.|title=Creationism and intelligent design|journal=Annual Review of Genomics Human Genetics|volume=4|issue=1|pages=143–63|year=2003|pmid=14527300|doi=10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110400}}</ref>

<ref name=sec_nap2008>{{Cite book|title=Science, Evolution, and Creationism|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11876&page=R1|year=2008|publisher=National Academies Press|location=Washington, D.C|isbn=0-309-10586-2|accessdate=2011-03-13}}</ref>

<ref name=jrst43_4_419>{{Cite journal|last=Colburn,|first=A.|last2=Henriques|first2=Laura|year=2006|title=Clergy views on evolution, creationism, science, and religion|journal=Journal of Research in Science Teaching|volume=43|issue=4|pages=419–442|doi=10.1002/tea.20109|bibcode = 2006JRScT..43..419C }}</ref>

<ref name=frye1983>{{Cite book|last=Frye|first=Roland Mushat|year = 1983|title=Is God a Creationist? The Religious Case Against Creation-Science|publisher=Scribner's|isbn=0-684-17993-8}}</ref>

<ref name=nathist106_2_16>{{Cite journal|author=Gould, S. J.|year=1997|title=Nonoverlapping magisteria|journal=Natural History|volume=106|issue=2|pages=16–22|url=http://www.jbburnett.com/resources/gould_nonoverlapping.pdf|accessdate=2008-04-28|format=PDF}}</ref>

<ref name=russell1997>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Jeffrey B|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/history/1997Russell.html|title=The Myth of the Flat Earth|publisher=American Scientific Affiliation|accessdate=2007-03-14}}; but see also [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]].</ref>

<ref name=jacobs19980201>{{Cite web|last=Jacobs|first=James Q.|date=1998-02-01|url=http://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/aegeo.html|title=Archaeogeodesy, a Key to Prehistory|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref>

<ref name=fuller1963>{{Cite book|first=R. Buckminster|last=Fuller|authorlink=Buckminster Fuller|year=1963|title=[[Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth]]|edition=First|publisher=E.P. Dutton & Co|location=New York|isbn=0-525-47433-1|url=http://www.futurehi.net/docs/OperatingManual.html|accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref>

<ref name=lovelock1979>{{Cite book|first=James E.|last=Lovelock|authorlink=James Lovelock|year=1979|title=Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth|edition=First|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-286030-5}}</ref>

<ref name=mcmichael1993>For example: {{Cite book|first=Anthony J.|last=McMichael|year=1993|title=Planetary Overload: Global Environmental Change and the Health of the Human Species|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-45759-9}}</ref>

<ref name=aj136_5_1906>{{Cite journal|author=McCarthy, Dennis D.; Hackman, Christine; Nelson, Robert A.|title=The Physical Basis of the Leap Second|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=136|issue=5|pages=1906–1908|month=November|year=2008|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1906|bibcode=2008AJ....136.1906M}}</ref>

<ref name=jg31_3_267>{{Cite journal|author=Pollack, Henry N.; Hurter, Suzanne J.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.|title=Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set|journal=Reviews of Geophysics|volume=31|issue=3|pages=267–280|month=August|year=1993|doi=10.1029/93RG01249|bibcode=1993RvGeo..31..267P |url=http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/1993/93RG01249.shtml}}</ref>

<ref name=lang2003>{{Cite book|first=Kenneth R.|last=Lang|year=2003|title=The Cambridge guide to the solar system|page=92|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-81306-9}}</ref>

<ref name=christou_asher2011>{{Cite arXiv | author=Christou, Apostolos A.; Asher, David J. | date=March 31, 2011 | title=A long-lived horseshoe companion to the Earth | eprint=1104.0036 | version=v1 }} See table 2, p. 5.</ref>
--><!--
<ref name=ucs>{{Cite web | title=UCS Satellite Database | date=January 31, 2011 | work=Nuclear Weapons & Global Security | publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists | url=http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/space_weapons/technical_issues/ucs-satellite-database.html | accessdate=2011-05-12 }}</ref>-->

}}

==Kepustakaan==
* {{Cite book
 |first=Neil F. |last=Comins
 |year=2001
 |title=Discovering the Essential Universe
 |edition=2nd
 |publisher=W. H. Freeman
 |bibcode=2003deu..book.....C
 |isbn=0-7167-5804-0
}}

==Pautan lua==
{{Commons|Earth|Bumi}}
{{Sister project links |commons=no|author=Datuak8|auto=no|b=book:Bumi|c=no|collapsible=yes|d=Q2|display=Bumi|m=no|mw=no|n=Bumi|position=left|q=Bumi|qid=no|s=no|species=no|species_author=no|style=Use with caution. (And don't use for evil!)|v=Bumi|voy=no|wikt=Bumi}}
*{{Commons-inline|Earth|Bumi}}
* [http://geomag.usgs.gov/ USGS Geomagnetism Program]
* [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ NASA Earth Observatory]
* Audio—Cain/Gay (2007) [http://www.astronomycast.com/stars/episode-51-earth/ Astronomy Cast] Earth
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth Earth Profile] by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/earthshape.html Climate changes cause Earth's shape to change&nbsp;– NASA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122063915/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/earthshape.html |date=2009-01-22 }}
* [http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Coll/weekly.htm The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430041323/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Coll/weekly.htm |date=2009-04-30 }}
*[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation] National Climatic Data Center

{{Tata surya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bumi}}
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