Caliak sumber untuak Taman Nasional Grand Teton

{{Infobox protected area
| name = Taman Nasional Grand Teton
| photo = Barns grand tetons.jpg
| photo_caption = Lumbung John Moulton jeung Teton Range
| iucn_category = II
| relief = 1
| location = [[Teton County, Wyoming]], [[Amérika Sarikat]]
| nearest_city = [[Jackson, Wyoming|Jackson]]
| coordinates = {{coords|43|50|00|N|110|42|03|W|region:US-WY_source:GNIS|notes=<ref name=gnis>{{cite gnis|id=1597571|name=Grand Teton National Park|accessdate=January 8, 2012}}</ref>|display=inline, title}}
| area_acre = 310000
| area_ref = <ref name=area>{{cite web|title=Park Statistics|url=http://www.nps.gov/grte/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|accessdate=January 22, 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108182043/http://www.nps.gov/grte/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|archivedate=November 8, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| established = 26 Pébruari 1929
| visitation_num = 3.491.151
| visitation_year = 2018
| visitation_ref = <ref name=visits>{{NPS visitation|accessdate=March 7, 2019}}</ref>
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
| website = {{Official website}}
}}
'''Taman Nasional Grand Teton''' adolah taman nan nasional nan talatak di [[Amerika Sarikat|Amerika Serikat]], tapeknyo di [[Wyoming]]. Taman Nasional Grand Teton ko diresmikan pado tahun [[1929]] sarato mamiliki lueh sakita 1.300 km<math>^2</math>. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/national-parks/grand-teton-national-park/|title=Everything to know about Grand Teton National Park|date=2019-07-29|website=Travel|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref> Taman Nasional Grand Teton mampunyoi 11 gletser aktif, 10 diantaranyo alah disabuikan di peta US Geological Survey, yaitu :<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/glaciers.htm|title=Glaciers & Glacial Features - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>

*[[Gletser Teton]]
*[[Gletser Teton Tengah]]
*[[Gletser Teepee]]
*[[Gletser Ruang Sekolah]]
*[[Gletser Petersen]]
*[[Gletser Falling Ice]]
*[[Gletser Skillet]]
*[[Gletser Triple Timur]]
*[[Gletser Tengah]]
*[[Gletser Barat]]
[[File:Map of Grand Teton National Park.jpg|250px|thumb|Peta Taman Nasional Grand Teton]]
== Sijarah ==
Sajak 11.000 tahun nan lalu, alah ado manusia nan mangunjungi Teton ko karano ancaknyo tampek, banyaknyo hewan liar sarato tanaman nan ancak. Hal iko lah nan manarik manusia untuak ka siko. Urang [[Paleo-India]] patamo kali masuak ka lembah [[Lubang Jackson]] satalah [[Pleistosen]] es mundur. Saat musim panas, urang-urang India ko datang untuak mamanen umbi jo beri, manciang di danau jo sungai, sarato baburu satwa liar. Wakatu musim dingin alah ampia tibo, urang-urang ko ikuik mangsanyo kalua dari lembah untuak mancari cuaca nan labiah ancak karano Jackson Hole salamo musim dingin acok bana hujan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/cultural.htm|title=Cultural History - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>

== Ekosistem ==
Taman Nasional Grand Teton marupokan rumah bagi banyak makhluk iduik, hewan dan tumbuhan. 

=== Hewan ===
[[Berkas:Moose in Grand Teton National Park 3 (8007698498).jpg|jmpl|Saikua rusa besar betina ]]
Terdapat banyak hewan liar yang hidup di Taman Nasional Grand Teton, mulai dari [[marmut kuning]], [[elang emas]], [[Baruang-hitam asia|beruang hitam]], ular, burung osprey, moose bahkan kawanan bison. Hewan-hewan ini bergantung hidup dan tinggal di Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem karena tempat itu merupakan ekosistem beriklim yang tersisa di bumi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/animals.htm|title=Animals - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> 

=== Amfibi ===
Di Grand Teton, tadapek anam spesies [[Amfibia|amfibi]] yaitu [[katak tutul]], [[katak boreal]] , [[katak oreal]], [[salamander harimau]], [[katak macan tutul utara]] (kemungkinan punah), dan [[banteng katak]] (diperkenalkan di luar taman). Amfibi ko banyak ditemukan di dakek sungai, aliran maupun danau nan ado di sapanjang dasar lembah. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/amphib.htm|title=Amphibians - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

=== Unggeh ===
Spesies unggeh banyak ditamukan di Grand Teton, baik unggeh nan manghuni taman ataupun nan malewati taman. Beberapa unggeh [[Amerika Utara]] baik nan gadang ataupun ketek ditemukan di taman iko. Salah satunyo adolah [[unggeh kolibri calliope]] nan marupoan unggeh nan paliang ketek dan bareknyo kurang dari sepersepuluh ons. Unggeh iko dapek awak temukan di sekitar gilia mekar merah jo dakek semak willow. Unggeh paliang gadang dari Amerika Utara adolah [[swan trumpeter]], nan marupoan unggeh air. Swan trumpeter ko dapek ditamuan di [[Oxbow Bend]], [[Swan Lake]] jo [[Flat Creek]] di [[Perlindungan Rusa Nasional]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/birds.htm|title=Birds - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

Salain unggeh nan barasa dari Amerika Utara, tadapek pulo [[angsa trumpeter]] nan biasonyo ditamukan bapasangan. Salain itu, ditemukan pulo [[osprey]] jo [[elang botak]] nan acok baburu di dakek aia. Di Grand Teton juga ditemukan [[unggeh bulu ekor belibis bijak jantan]] jo [[western tanager]] nan marupoan unggeh paliang bawarno di taman. <ref name=":0" /> 

=== Serangga ===
Di Taman Nasional Grand Teton, diperkirakan tadapek serangga labiah dari 10.000 spesies nan babeda. Hal iko jugo bakaitan jo banyaknyo tanaman nan ado di taman. Contohnyo sajo bunga nan ancak dipandang mode [[lupin]], [[lonceng kuniang]], [[phlox]], jo [[bungo matahari]] nan mangandalan lebah, kumbang, jo kupu-kupu untuak batahan iduik. Salain tanaman, banyak pulo hewan nan bagantuang pado serangga, contohnyo adolah kadal, ular, katak, trout dan unggeh nan manjadian serangga sabagai makanan utamonyo. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/insects.htm|title=Insects - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

[[Beruang grizzly]] pun mambutuhan serangga. Hal iko karano saat musim gugur, tadapek pesta besar grizzly di [[Moth Cutworm Army]]. Pado maso itu, kawanan ngengat cacing bermigrasi dari dataran ke alpine untuak kawin. Satalah kawin, ngengat tasabuik mati dan ngengat itu dimakan jo beruang grizzly, nan marupoan protein penting sebelum hibernasinyo. <ref name=":2" />

=== Ikan ===

Grand Teton nan gadang jo banyaknyo daerah perairan manyababkan banyaknyo makhluk iduik nan iduik di aia tasabuik. Ikan-ikan nan ado mamiliki bantuak, ukuran jo perilaku nan baragam. Taman nasional ko mamiliki reputasi dunia untuak mamanciang ikan trout, namun dari limo spesies trout nan ado di taman, hanyo trout cutthroat sungai ular se nan asli, salabiahnyo sengajo dilatakan di sinan. Karano banyaknyo spesies ikan di Grand teton, makonyo jinih ikan tasabuik dibagi ka dalam duo sub yaitu spesies asli jo spesien non-pribumi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/fish.htm|title=Fish - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

Spesies asli: <ref name=":1" />

* Sungai ular bintik-bintik halus cutthroat trout
* Yellowstone cutthroat trout
* Utah pengisap
* Longnose Dace
* Redside shiner
* Paiute sculpin
* Gunung whitefish
* Speckled dace
* Pengisap gunung
* Bercak sculpin
* Utah chub
* Bluehead sucker
* Leatherside chub

Spesies Non-Pribumi: <ref name=":1" />

* Rainbow trout
* Timur brook trout
* Danau trout
* Brown trout
* Sado spesies nan ado di Kelly Warmsprings
* Green swordtail
* Zebra cichlid
* Tadpole madtom
* Ikan mas
* Guppies

''(jo spesies akuarium lainnyo)''

=== Reptil ===
Spesies reptil nan ado di taman indak banyak, hanyo ado ampek spesies nan tadiri dari ciek spesies kadal jo tigo spesies ula. Ula nan acok ditamuan di taman adolah [[ula garter]] (''Thamnophis elegans vagrans''), [[ula lembah garter]] (''Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi''), jo [[boa karet]] (''Charina bottae''). Katigo spesies iko biasonyo iduik di dakek aia dan ula nan ado di Grand Teton adolah ula nan indak berbisa. Untuak kadal, hanyo ado [[kadal sagebrush utara]] (''Sceloporus graciosus graciosus''). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/reptiles.htm|title=Reptiles - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

=== Mamalia ===
Tadapek 61 spesies mamalia nan iduik di Grand Teton nan ditamuan di ampek tampek utamo taman yaitu alpine, hutan, flat sagebrush jo lahan basah. Mamilia nan iduik di Grand Teton adolah rusa, rusa bagal, bison, beruang grissly dan beruang hitam, serigala, singa gunung, tupai, musang, berang-berang dan masih banyak lai mamalia nan iduik di sinan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/mammals.htm|title=Mammals - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

=== Tanaman ===
Labiah dari 1.000 jinih tanaman vaskular nan tumbuh di Teton. Tanaman iko tumbuh bergantung pado kondisi tanah, ketersediaan aia, kamiringan tanah jo katinggian tanah. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/nature/plants.htm|title=Plants - Grand Teton National Park (U.S. National Park Service)|last=Moose|first=Mailing Address: P. O. Box 170|last2=Us|first2=WY 83012 Phone:739-3399 Contact|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

== Iklim ==
 {{Weather box |width=auto	
|location = Jenny Lake Visitor Center, Grand Teton National Park, WY (1981 – 2010).	
|single line = Y	
|Jan high F =	26.3
|Feb high F =	31.1
|Mar high F =	39.8
|Apr high F =	47.6
|May high F =	57.5
|Jun high F =	67.4
|Jul high F =	77.3
|Aug high F =	76.5
|Sep high F =	66.2
|Oct high F =	52.2
|Nov high F =	35.4
|Dec high F =	25.2
|year high F=	50.3
| Jan mean F =	15.1
| Feb mean F =	18.4
| Mar mean F =	26.8
| Apr mean F =	34.7
| May mean F =	43.7
| Jun mean F =	52.0
| Jul mean F =	59.6
| Aug mean F =	58.5
| Sep mean F =	49.7
| Oct mean F =	38.7
| Nov mean F =	25.1
| Dec mean F =	15.2
| year mean F =	36.6
|Jan low F =	3.9
|Feb low F =	5.7
|Mar low F =	13.9
|Apr low F =	21.8
|May low F =	29.9
|Jun low F =	36.6
|Jul low F =	41.8
|Aug low F =	40.5
|Sep low F =	33.1
|Oct low F =	25.3
|Nov low F =	14.7
|Dec low F =	5.1
|year low F=	22.8
|precipitation colour = green	
|Jan precipitation inch =	4.12
|Feb precipitation inch =	3.03
|Mar precipitation inch =	3.22
|Apr precipitation inch =	2.87
|May precipitation inch =	3.09
|Jun precipitation inch =	1.98
|Jul precipitation inch =	1.26
|Aug precipitation inch =	1.27
|Sep precipitation inch =	1.66
|Oct precipitation inch =	2.21
|Nov precipitation inch =	3.91
|Dec precipitation inch =	4.25
|year precipitation inch=	32.87
| humidity colour = green	
| Jan humidity =	78.4
| Feb humidity =	70.8
| Mar humidity =	65.5
| Apr humidity =	58.9
| May humidity =	55.7
| Jun humidity =	52.8
| Jul humidity =	44.4
| Aug humidity =	44.2
| Sep humidity =	47.8
| Oct humidity =	57.1
| Nov humidity =	71.2
| Dec humidity =	79.9
| year humidity =	60.5
| source 1 = PRISM Climate Group<ref name=prism>{{cite web|url=http://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University|website=www.prism.oregonstate.edu|accessdate=March 7, 2020}}</ref>}}	

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"	
|-	
! scope="col"| Sasi	
! scope="col"| Jan	
! scope="col"| Fèb	
! scope="col"| Mar	
! scope="col"| Apr	
! scope="col"| Mèi	
! scope="col"| Jun	
! scope="col"| Jul	
! scope="col"| Agu	
! scope="col"| Sèp	
! scope="col"| Okt	
! scope="col"| Nov	
! scope="col"| Dhès	
! scope="col"| Taun
|-	
! scope="row"| Suhu embun rerata&nbsp;°F	
| style=text-align:center;" |	9.6
| style=text-align:center;" |	10.5
| style=text-align:center;" |	16.8
| style=text-align:center;" |	21.8
| style=text-align:center;" |	28.9
| style=text-align:center;" |	35.3
| style=text-align:center;" |	37.9
| style=text-align:center;" |	36.8
| style=text-align:center;" |	30.7
| style=text-align:center;" |	24.8
| style=text-align:center;" |	17.1
| style=text-align:center;" |	10.1
| style=text-align:center;" |	23.4
|-	
! scope="row"| Suhu embun rerata&nbsp;°C	
| style=text-align:center;" |	-12.4
| style=text-align:center;" |	-11.9
| style=text-align:center;" |	-8.4
| style=text-align:center;" |	-5.7
| style=text-align:center;" |	-1.7
| style=text-align:center;" |	1.8
| style=text-align:center;" |	3.3
| style=text-align:center;" |	2.7
| style=text-align:center;" |	-0.7
| style=text-align:center;" |	-4.0
| style=text-align:center;" |	-8.3
| style=text-align:center;" |	-12.2
| style=text-align:center;" |	-4.8
|-	
| colspan="14" | <div style="text-align: center;"> Sumber: PRISM Climate Group<ref name=prism/>	
|}

== Galeri ==
<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200">
Berkas:Murie Ranch WY2.jpg|Peternakan Murie
Berkas:Willow Flats area and Teton Range in Grand Teton National Park.jpg|Pemandangan Danau Jackson
Berkas:Middle Teton Grand Teton NP1.jpg|Teton Tengah
</gallery>

<br />
== Rujuakan ==

[[Kategori:Taman nasional]]
[[Kategori:Taman Nasional di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Tempat Wisata di Amerika Serikat]]